8/8/2023 0 Comments Post void dribble syndromeFrequency, nocturia, urgency and incontinence are symptoms of the filling phase, while hesitancy, intermittency, weak or irregular stream, straining and terminal dribble belong to the voiding phase of the bladder. These different symptoms belong to different phases of bladder function. Many different findings cause LUTS, which are summarized in the EAU Guidelines on male non-neurogenic LUTS. Only papers that mentioned both terms either in their title or in their abstract were included. On May 31 st, 2021, PubMed and Cochrane were searched with no language nor time restrictions, using the terms "Metabolic syndrome" and "male LUTS." A total of 252 publications were identified. This review aims at synthesizing interactions and consequences of LUTS with MetS. Furthermore, MetS is thought to be associated with nephrolithiasis, BPH, LUTS, erectile dysfunction (ED), and infertility. It leads to different changes in the signaling pathway including cytokines, elevated transmitters of inflammation, higher levels of free fatty acids (FFA), and adipokines, resulting in vasoconstriction, insulin resistance, impaired glucose uptake and high insulin secretion. Metabolic changes caused by MetS pathophysiologically start with visceral adiposity. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), too, is an umbrella term. Clinically, it remains ever the more challenging to understand the pathophysiological context of each patient. While research goes on, it seems as if the more we know about urine storage and voiding, the more complicated it gets: different mechanism can mimic the same symptoms. Over time, subdivision of symptoms into storage, voiding and post-voiding symptoms raised awareness of the urinary tract fine-tuning associated with urine storage and voiding, and led to the umbrella term lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which respects bladder and prostate function. Historically, urologists regarded prostate enlargement as the sole cause for male bladder problems.
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